Wrench



J. E. McCAFFERTY.

WRENCH.

, APPLICATION man SEPT. 20, 1920.

Patented Apr. 11, 1922.

W 1 l5 2. M 2 a fi m m il th l lil UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' JAMES E McCAJSFERTY, F NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

WRENCH.

To all whom it may concern:

Be'it known thatI, JAMES E. MCCAFFERTY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Wrench, of which'the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

' This invention relates .more particularly to a class of tools.

My invention has for its object primarily I V to provide a wrench designed to be employed H so that nuts maybe readily applied to and r' emoved from'bolts, screws, pins and the like by causing each nut until "it is driven home when threaded on a bolt or until it is entirely removed'from the bolt without me cessitating removal of the Wrench from the nut, thereby overcoming the objections inwith "each turn of the wrench. as well as requir ng the wrench to be frequentlyrecident to' the employment of forms of wrenches commonly'used for such purposes wherein the nut only partially rotated movedfrom and reapplied to the nut. This is "accomplished mainly by providing a holderhaving a fiat head with an orifice for receiving a nut, and in one face of the head is an'annular recess surrounding the orifice whereby peripherally toothed interchangeable bits maybe removably carried in the r'ecjess. Each of the bits has an opening an rangedto' register with the orifice of the head when seatedin the recess of the head, and the opening of eachbit is preferably angular in shape so that the nut snugly fits removably therein when inserted in the orifice of the head. on the holder is provided afretainer for detachably engaging each bit when applied in the recessto releasably hold the bit against movement when arranged on the nut so that when the holderis swung the bitwill rotatably move the nut, and to thehol'der is pivoted acoverfor being swung invention will be hereinafter more fully described with refrenoe to the accompanying Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 20, 1920. Serial No. 411,622.

drawing forming a part of this specification in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views, and will then be pointed out in the claims at the end of the description.

In the drawing, Figure 1 is a top plan of one form of wrench embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a top plan of the holder as well as showing a form of retainer used in the device.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 33 of F i 2.

Fig. 4 is a plan of the cover employed on the holder of the device.

' Fig. 5 is a plan of the retainer shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

' Fig. 6 is a plan of one form of toothed bit adapted to be employed in the device, and

' F ig. 7 is a plan of another form of bit also adapted to be used in the device.

The device, or tool or wrench has a holder 10 which may be of any suitable size and shape, though the holder illustrated has a Hat head, as 11, of preferably a substantially circular shape, and extending from part of the head 11 is a handle 12 of a length to permit the wrench to be conveniently used by a person; Protruding from part of the edge of the flat head 11 of the holder opposite to the handle 12 may be a lug or extension, as 13, and through the central part of the head is an orifice 14 of a size for removably admitting various sizes and shapes of nuts which are commonly used on screws, bolts, pins, and the like. In one face of the circular head 11 of the holder and surrounding the orifice 14 is an annular recess 15 into which the orifice 14 leads, while in the part of the handle 12 adjacent to the head may be a pocket 16 communicating with the recess 15. Adapted to be interchangeably employed removably and rotatably in the recess of the holder are hits, as 18 and 19. These'bits may be of wellknown types, each in the form of a flat circular disk or wheel 21 having in its outer periphery spaced teeth, as 22, and in the central part of each toothed disk is an opening 23 disposed so that when each disk is arranged in the recess 15 its opening will be in register with the orifice 14 in the bottom of the recess of the head 11 of the holder. Since bolt and screw nuts vary in sizes and shapes the openings 23 of the bits may likewise vary in sizes and shapes; for example, the openings of some of the bits may be square, others may be hexagonal and others may be octagonal or still of other angular forms so that the bits will fit removably snug upon the nuts to allow the nuts to be revolved by the bits when the holder is used, as will be hereinafter more fully explained. Allof the bits are of diameters whereby the teeth of each will be in proximity to the pocket 16 of the handle of the holder when the bit is arranged in the recess of the head 11 and serving to hold each bit releasably against accidental rotation in the-recess, I provide in the pocket 16' a retainer 241.

The retainer 2 1 ispreferably in the form of a pawl having a striplike body, as'25, with a tooth, as 26, on one of its ends. The tooth 2630f the pawl may be provided by cutting away one of the ends of the'pawl on an incline, as shown, to provide somewhat a triangular shaped tooth, and the pawl is disposed in the pocket 16 of the holder so that one of theteeth of thebit in the recess 15 will engage the straight edge of the tooth of the pawl when the wrench is turned from right to left with the wrench being positioned so that the;entrances into the recess 15 and pocket 16 are disposed upwardly. Thev end of the pawl opposite to its tooth 526 is pivoted to the bottom ofthe pocket 16 by a pin .or bolt 27 having a. head 28. The pin- 27 is of a length whereby its head is spaced above the handle 12 and above the head 11 of the holder, and projecting upwardly from the extension 13 of the head 11 is a'pinor bolt 29 with, a head 30 also spaced above the head aswellas being on alinement with the pin' 27. Serving to yieldingly hold the pawl against movement in its engagement with the bit encircling the pin- 27 is a spring positions on the pocket and recess, besides 31 having one of its ends in contact with a lug 32 provided on the pawl adjacent'to its tooth'26, while theother end of-the spring is in engagement with the wall of the pocket 16 opposite to'the lug, as indicated in the drawing, and on the holderover the recess 15 as well as over the pocket 16 is a cover 33 adapted to be swung to open and closed preventing accidental displacement of the bit from the recess. I

The cover 33 is preferably in the form of a flat plate having a substantially circular body part 34 of a size somewhat larger than the diameter of the recess 15 'of the holder 10 so that the body portion movably rests upon the wall of the recess for closing the entrance of the recess. Through thebody portion 3 1 is an opening 35 of a similar size to that of the o'riiice 1% in the bottom of the recess 15 of the holder, and extending from part of the edge of the body is a somewhat rectangular lugor finger 36 of a size and shape so that it movably rests upon the wall of the pocket 16 of the holder for closing the entrance to the pocket. In the finger 36 is a slot 37 which is elongated as well as being disposed lengthwise of the finger, and through this slot extends the part of the pin 27 which is under the head of the pin. The slot 27 is of a size so that the cover is rotatable as well as slidable on the holder 1O, besides being of a width whereby the head of the pin will holdthe cover on the holder 10. Projecting from part of the edge of the body portion 34 which is opposite to the finger 36' is a fork, as 38, disposed in removable straddle arrangement on the pin 29 of the extension 13 of the head 11 of the holder under the head of this pin. 7

To use the wrench for applying or removing a nut from a bolt, pin, screw or the like, the cover 33 is slidably moved so'that the prongs of the fork 38 are free of engagement with the pin 29, and the coveris' swung onthe pin 29 sidewise relative to the head 11 of the holder from closed position-over the recess 15. A toothed bit of a form suitable to rotate the nut is placed in therecess 15 so that the retainer or pawl 24 is in engagement with one of the teeth of the bit, and the cover is then swung to a closed position on the holder over the recess 15, besides being moved to a releasably' locked position by its fork 38 engaging the pin 29. When it is desired to screw the nut home fthe fnut is passed into the opening of the bit after it has been previously passed through the orifice ll of the bottom of'the recess l5 the wrench being positioned so that the cover 33 is on top of the recess of theholder 10,and by swinging the wrench continuously forithe required period from left to right or by releasingthe engagement'of the pawl with the bit at intervals byintermittently moving therwrench reversely and 'then'reswinging it from right to left the nut will be driven home on its bolt, or pin or screw. l/Vhen it is desired to loosen the nut the wrench is held with the cover33 disposed toward the nut. The nut is passed through the opening 35 of the cover and then disposed in the opening of the bit, after which by swinging the wrench from right to left in a manner similar to' parting from the principle or sacrificingany of the advantages of this invention,

therefore I reserve to myself the right to make such changes as fairly fall within the scope thereof.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent As an article of manufacture, a wrench comprising a handle having a head on one end thereof provided with an annular socket in one side thereof, said socket having an opening in its base, a ratchet disk removably and rotatably disposed within the socket and having an angular opening therethrough for the reception of a nut, said handle having a pocket in one side communicating at one end with the socket, a pawl having one of its ends inclined and disposed with this end in engagement with teeth of the ratchet disk to prevent rotation thereof in one direction, a headed pin carried by the handle and passing transversely of the pocket and having the pawl mounted thereon for pivotal movement in said pocket, a spring having its central portion coiled about said pin with one end engaging the pawl and the other end engaging a wall of the pocket, a second headed pin carried by the outer end of the head, a retaining plate for the ratchet disk having an elongated slot through which the first named pin projects for slidably and pivotally securing said plate to the side of the head and handle, said retaining plate having a fork on its outer end removably straddling said second named pin when the plate is disposed to cover the ratchet disk and pawl and having an opening alined with the opening in the base of the socket.

This specification signed and witnessed this 15 day of September A. D. 1920.

JAMES E. McCAFFERTY. Witnesses:

J. FRANK, J. FREDERICK CRYER. 

